Hey,
I would direct you here:
It explains anything better than I ever could, it’s how I started forging.
There’s links explaining what every boon, quirk and defect is.
The method is good, use it for a while and see how it actually works. Once you have a bit of an understanding, start experimenting with other mats.
When you experiment, just make sure you only load 1 tool, and have deconstruction resin 3 on deck.
Follow the guide and the method, take your time. Don’t expect perfect forges right away (or every time).
Once you get a bit of confidence, you can start putting 4/5 tools in at a time.
Edit: Also see here for damage calculator:
Credit to @Pfiffel