Just completed two quests on Alnitans, and the next step in the chain came up as:
“Travel to a World that is Turbulent or more dangerous” (Quest: Down with the Elite)
-and-
“Travel to a World that is Turbulent or Fierce” (Quest: You’re a Survivor)
As I was already on a Turbulent world (Alnitans), these quests (and possibly others) should check when being assigned if you’re already there, complete that step, and move on to the next.
For reference, what were the two objectives that were completed?
The ones that led to those quests? I honestly don’t remember, whatever came before them in the chain.
(It auto-changed to those new objectives as soon as I completed it – wasn’t a new quest I had to choose).
Sorry 
Both are listed as Combat quests, if that helps narrow it down at all.
Also, going back to sanctum and through the portal on the left (back to my location) did not update it as traveling to a Turbulent world, nor did opening the sanctum portal on the right to another location on the same planet. I had to actually travel to another planet entirely (Besevrona) which updated it, since it was also a Turbulent planet.
If you display the Completed filter on Journal -> Objectives tab, it should show the list of objectives that you have successfully finished, if that helps in any way.
i’m sure this also happens in lots of mining quests, i remember thinking it was odd that i needed to leave and come back as they were becoming available, I’m sure you can see it in a less common coal and silver and gold never gets old
Some tasks require you not to die while doing them. If you die you have to start over.
I don’t think they are on the completed list yet, it ‘chained’ into another objective, though I think its still the same quests.
All I can say is that the quests are still named Down with the Elite and You’re a Survivor, but the objectives have changed to:
Down with the Elite – Defeat Elite Wildstock (0/10), Defeat Elite Spitters (0/5), Defeat Elite Cuttletrunks (0/5).
You’re a Survivor – Hunt 20 creatures on a world that is Turbulent or Fierce (20/20) (already crossed out for me), and Complete Active Meteorites on a World that is Turbulent or Fierce (1/3) (which is a bit odd because I’ve done more than one meteor on a Turbulent world – I just finished the 3/3 one actually, but also because I havent done one since getting this). 
They were not those type of quests, and it should I would think, still update if you’re already on the correct world type. That, and I didn’t die 